Kelompok Analgetik, NSAIDS, Obat Batuk dan Pilek, Anti Alergi dan Asma, Anestesi (EwiqLiny^_^V)

Kelompok Analgetik,  NSAIDS,  Obat Batuk dan Pilek,

Anti Alergi dan Asma, Anestesi

Obat untuk Penghilang Rasa Sakit (Pain Killer)
Nama Obat	AAP approved?*	Kategori Risiko Kehamilan**	Risiko Menyusui**	Notes
Acetaminophen  (Tylenol)	Approved	B	L1
Aspirin	Caution	C (1st, 2nd trim.) D (3rd trim.)	L3	1
Azapropazone  (Rheumox)	Approved	-	L2
Butalbital (Fioricet, Fiorinal, Bancap, Two-dyne)	NR	D	L3	2
Butorphanol  (Stadol)	Approved	B (1st, 2nd trim.) D (3rd trim.)	L3
Celecoxib (Celebrex))	NR	C	L2
Codeine (in Tylenol #3, #4)	Approved	C	L3	3
Colchicine	Approved	D	L4
Diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren)	NR	B	L2
Fentanyl  (Sublimaze)	Approved	B	L2
Flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Froben, Ocufen)	NR	B (1st, 2nd trim.) C (3rd trim.)	L2
Hydrocodone (Lortab, Vicodin)	NR	B	L3	4
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)	NR	C	L3	5
Ibuprofen (Advil, Nuprin, Motrin, Pediaprofen)	Approved	B (1st, 2nd trim.) D (3rd trim.)	L1
Indomethacin (Indocin)	Approved	B (1st, 2nd trim.) D (3rd trim.)	L3
Ketorolac (Toradol, Acular)	Approved	B (1st, 2nd trim.) D (3rd trim.)	L2
Meperidine (Demerol)	Approved	B	L2; L3 early postpartum	6
Methadone (Dolophine)	Approved	B	L3	7
Morphine (Duramorph, Infumorph, Epimorph, MS Contin)	Approved	B	L3	8
Nalbuphine (Nubain)	NR	B	L2
Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, Naproxen, Aleve)	Approved	B	L3; L4 for chronic use	9
Nefopam (Acupan)	Approved	-	NR
Oxycodone (Tylox, Percodan,Oxycontin, Roxicet, Endocet, Roxiprin, Percocet)	NR	B	L3	10
Pentosan polysulfate (Elmiron)	NR	B	L2
Piroxicam (Feldene)	Approved	B	L2
Propoxyphene (Darvocet N, Propacet, Darvon)	Approved	C	L2	11
Rofecoxib (Vioxx)	Withdrawn from the market			12
Secobarbital (Seconal)	Approved	D	L3	13
Tolmetin (Tolectin)	Approved	C	L3
Tramadol HCL (Ultram, Ultracet)	NR	C	L3	14
Valdecoxib  (Bextra)	Withdrawn from the market			more
*  Per the AAP Policy Statement The Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk, revised September 2001. Approved: (Table 6) Maternal Medication Usually Compatible With Breastfeeding Caution: (Table 5) Drugs That Have Been Associated With Significant Effects on Some Nursing Infants and Should Be Given to Nursing Mothers With Caution NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has not yet been reviewed by the AAP. ** Per Medications’ and Mothers’ Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2004 edition).  Lactation Risk Categories   Pregnancy Risk Categories  L1 (safest) L2 (safer) L3 (moderately safe) L4 (possibly hazardous) L5 (contraindicated) A (controlled studies show no risk) B (no evidence of risk in humans) C (risk cannot be ruled out) D (positive evidence of risk) X (contraindicated in pregnancy) NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has not yet been reviewed by Hale.

1. Aspirin use is discouraged in children and nursing mothers due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome and internal bleeding.
2. Fioricet (Fiorinal, Bancap, Two-dyne) contains acetaminaphen or asprin, caffeine, and butalbital. Per Hale, baby should be observed for sedation.
3. Hale suggests weakened or premature infants be observed for sedation and apnea.
4. Hale suggests newborns be observed for sedation, apnea, constipation.
5. Per Hale, use of frequent, higher dose may result in infant sedation.
6. Per Hale, Meperidine use during labor or early postpartum has been associated with sedation, poor sucking reflex, and neurobehavioral delay in infants.
7. Per Hale, observe infant for sedation, respiratory depression, addiction, withdrawal syndrome.
8. Per Hale, higher doses may result in infant sedation.
9. Per Hale, should be used with caution due to its long half-life and its effect on baby’s cardiovascular system, kidneys and GI tract; short-term, infrequent or occasional use is not necessarily incompatible with breastfeeding.
10. Roxicet, Endocet, Roxiprin, Percocet also contain acetaminophen. Per Hale, observe infant for sedation.
11. Per Hale, observe infant for sedation.
12. Per Hale, observe infant for GI cramping, distress, diarrhea.
13. Per Hale, observe infant for sedation.
14. Per Hale, observe infant for sedation.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) [more]
Nama Generik	Nama Dagang	AAP approved?*	Kategori Risiko Kehamilan**	Risiko Menyusui**
Azapropazone (apazone)	Rheumox	Approved	-	L2
Dipyrone (banned in the US & UK)	-	Approved	-	NR
Flufenamic acid	-	Approved	-	NR
Ibuprofen	Advil, Nuprin, Motrin, Pediaprofin	Approved	B (1st, 2nd trim.) D (3rd trim.)	L1
Indomethacin	Indocin	Approved	B (1st, 2nd trim.) D (3rd trim.)	L3
Ketorolac	Toradol, Acular	Approved	B (1st, 2nd trim.) D (3rd trim.)	L2
Mefenamic acid	Ponstan, Ponstel	Approved	-	NR
Naproxen	Anaprox, Naprosyn, Naproxen, Aleve	Approved	B	L3 L4 (for chronic use)
Phenylbutazone	Butazolidine	Approved	-	NR
Piroxicam	Feldene	Approved	B	L2
Suprofen	Profenal	Approved	-	NR
Tolmetin	Tolectin	Approved	C	L3
Steroid				[contents]
Methylprednisolone [ high dosage methylprednisolone]	Solu-Medrol, Depo-Medrol, Medrol	Approved	C	L2
Prednisolone	-	Approved	C	L2
Prednisone	Deltasone, Meticorten, Orasone	Approved	C	L2
Obat Asma				[contents]
Dyphylline	Dilor, Lufyllin, Dyphylline	Approved	C	L3
Terbutaline	Bricanyl, Brethine	Approved	B	L2
Theophylline	Aminophylline, Quibron, Theo-Dur	Approved	C	L3
Analgetik Narkotik  [more]
Butorphanol	Stadol	Approved	B (1st, 2nd trim.) D (3rd trim.)	L3
Codeine	Tylenol #3, #4	Approved	C	L3
Fentanyl	Sublimaze	Approved	B	L2
Meperidine	Demerol	Approved	B	L2 L3 (if used early postpartum)
Methadone	Dolophine	Approved	B	L3
Morphine	Morphine	Approved	B	L3
Propoxyphene	Darvocet N, Propacet, Darvon	Approved	C	L2